THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yawm al-ithnayn. 23rd day of Sha’abaan, 1445AH (Monday, 4th March 2024). *_EXPIATION FOR NOT FULFILLING A VOW OR AN OAT TO ALLAH_*. BismilLah.
What is meant by an oath or vow according to our scholars based on the Qur'an and Sunnah is by committing oneself before ALLAH, may HE be exalted, to do OR not to do something. A vow is a type of oath, and every vow is an oath. So when the one who makes a vow says: I owe it to ALLAH to do such and such, it is the same as his saying: I swear by ALLAH that I will do or not do such and such. What is implied by these two phrases is the committing oneself before ALLAH to do or not to do that action".
If a person says, “I promise ALLAH that I will perform Hajj this year,” then this is a vow, a promise and an oath (yameen) and if he does not fulfil it then he must offer the expiation for breaking an oath (kafaarat yameen).
Whoever repeats an oath before offering expiation, the correct view is that if this oath had to do with one action, only one expiation is to be offered; otherwise he must offer two if two different oats etc.
The expiation for breaking an oath is to set free a slave, or to feed or clothe ten poor persons. Whoever cannot do any of those things should fast for three days, because ALLAH says:
“ALLAH will not punish you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He will punish you for your deliberate oaths; for its expiation (a deliberate oath) feed ten Masaakeen (poor persons), on a scale of the average of that with which you feed your own families, or clothe them or manumit a slave. But whosoever cannot afford (that), then he should fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths when you have sworn. And protect your oaths (i.e. do not swear much). Thus, ALLAH makes clear to you HIS Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) that you may be grateful” [al-Maa'idah 5:89]. *_May ALLAH keep guiding us all and protect us from any satanic influences_*. Aameen.
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