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LOVING THE POOR AND THE NEEDY AS WE LOVE OTHERS

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum Arba'a. 11th day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Wednesday, 31st May, 2023). *_LOVING THE POOR AND THE NEEDY AS WE LOVE OTHERS_*. *Bismillah*. The Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said: “The most complete in faith are those best in their characters, those who are easy to socialize with, and those who get along with others and others get along with them. There is no good in the one who can not get along with others, and others can not get along with him.” [Imam Tirmidhi]. We will all visit the same grave without discrimination on how the grave should be.  A believer worships ALLAH (subhana wa ta’ala) by being well mannered and dealing pleasantly with all, not to attain status or wealth, or for people’s praise, or to get married, etc., but only so that ALLAH (subhana wa ta’ala) may love him and make him beloved to HIS creation. Whoever considers exercising good manners as worship will deal courteously with everyone, be he rich or poor, an executiv

Criteria for Determining What is Right or Wrong in Islam CONTINUES

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum Ath-thalaatha. 10th day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Tuesday, 30th May, 2023). *_Criteria for Determining What is Right or Wrong in Islam CONTINUES_*. BismilLah. Let's conclude on this topic. Aside from the Qur'an, Sunnah and concensus of scholars criteria for determining what's good or bad, we also have "The Personal Criterion" The individual, in numerous instances, is able to distinguish between right and wrong to determine what is satisfactory and what is censurable. His heart tells him whether what he is doing is right or wrong.  This is what the prophet (peace be upon him) meant when he said: “Appeal to your heart, and to your soul, for a verdict. Righteousness is what your soul will be at peace with, and sin is what disquiets you and makes you feel hesitant – even if the people repeatedly tell you otherwise.” [Musnad Ahmad and Sunan al-Dârimî] A person sees what he should not be looking at, and his own heart gives him a dec

Criteria for Determining What is Right or Wrong in Islam CONTINUES

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum al-ithnayn. 9th day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Monday, 29th May, 2023). *_Criteria for Determining What is Right or Wrong in Islam CONTINUES_*. BismilLah. *_Please read through the  Reminder yesterday before this one, and if you didn't receive the Reminder yesterday, please request for a copy_* *The Second Criteria* is The *_Sunnah_*. Whatever is established to be authentically related from Prophet Muhamad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), is clear in meaning, and is not countered by any other evidence, is something that a Muslim has no option but to accept. Those who choose to be following only the Quran are making a grave mistake, and that alone may render your shahaadah or declaration of faith invalid.  *_Consensus of the Muslim Scholars_* is the third criteria: What we are concerned with here is consensus that is well established where we are absolutely certain of unanimity of opinion. Nevertheless, we can see from looking at numerous examples t

Advice of the Day

*Advice of the Day* *I admire married women whom no matter what they go through with their husbands, they never speak bad of them. They stand in being the cover of them even if their emotional state is unsteady. May Allāh keep them firm in the religion. But such thing cannot only be applied by married muslimāt. It can also be applied in our other relationships, redirecting the definition of friendship and family to how to it really is from them being slowly redefined by the society.*  *We should be protectors of the people that we care for, moreover in their absence. We should not put our family, friends, and everyone around us on shame by telling the world how bad everything is going, and how someone is falling short from his or her responsibility. We should keep our private matters in the lane outside the publicity. We should keep our privacy steady and firm.* *Remember that publicizing what you cherish is putting it at stake. After all, evil eye is real. You are making the world bin

Criteria for Determining What is Right Or Wrong in Islam

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaumul Ahad. 8th day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Sunday, 28th May, 2023). *_Criteria for Determining What is Right Or Wrong in Islam_*. Bismillah.  Do methodologically sound criteria exist for determining what is correct and what is in error in Islam? They certainly do. Those criteria are clear and precise, and we shall be discussing some of them today, be-iznilLah.  One:  The Religious Criterion. This criterion is established upon three sources:  1. The Qur’ân. ALLAH says in the Quran: “Lo! those who disbelieve in the Reminder when it cometh unto them (are guilty), for lo! it is an unassailable Scripture. Falsehood  comes at it from before it or from behind it. (It is) a revelation from the Wise, the Owner of Praise.” [Sûrah Fussilat: 41-42]. Allahu Akbar.  The Quran is absolutely certain in its authenticity. This is a point upon which all Muslims unanimously agree. As far as what we derive from it of its meanings, this depends on the specific passage an

THE MEANING OF QURAN, HADITH QUDSI, AND HADITH AN-NABAWI CONTINUES

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum As-Sabt. 7th day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Saturday, 27th May, 2023). *_THE MEANING OF QURAN, HADITH QUDSI, AND HADITH AN-NABAWI CONTINUES_*. BismilLahir Rahmanir Raheem.  Yesterday, we reminded each other about what the Qur’an is. Let's continue on the Dhikr (The Reminder): ALLAH (Al-Fattah, The Granter of Succes) says: "Verily, I revealed the Dhikr, and verily I will preserve it." [Noble Qur’an 15:9]. Alhamdulillah.  The Prophet's divinely inspired statements, which were recorded by his followers, are generally referred to as Hadiths. For example, the Prophet's companion, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab may ALLAH be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet once said, 'Verily, deeds are (judged) by their intentions. However, in some of his statements, the Prophet (peace be upon him) attributed what he said revealed from ALLAH but not part of the Qur'an; for example, another companion, Abu Hurayrah, reported that the Proph

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 18)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 18)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... They chose the war path, and the two tribes along with their allies mustered in considerable strength at Autas to the west of Mecca. The coalition was led by Malik bin Auf a fiery commander of considerable skill. When the Holy Prophet came to know of the hostile intention of the tribes, he decided to take action against them. On a cold day in January 630 A.D. the Muslim forces set out from Mecca. The army consisted of 12,000 persons fully armed. Out of these 10,000 were from Madina who had attacked Mecca and 2,000 were the newly converted Muslims from Mecca. _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... As on the way to Autas the Muslim army passed through the valley of Hunain, some el

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 17)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 17)* ____________*PAGE 1*____________ ✍🏻... According to the terms of the treaty of Hudaibiya the Arab tribes had the option to be allied with the Quraish or the Muslims. As a consequence the Banu Bakr joined the Quraish, and the Khuza'ah joined the Muslims. In disregard of the treaty, Banu Bakr attacked the Khuza'ah and even when the Khuza'ah sought the sanctuary of the Ka'aba, many persons of the Khuza'ah were chased and put to death. The Khuza'ah wanted the Muslims to come to their aid in accordance with the terms of the treaty. The Holy Prophet gave an ultimatum to the Quraish making three alternative demands, i.e. _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... 🔹 to pay tne blood money for the victims;

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 16)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 16)* ______________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... The Holy Prophet commissioned Umar to lead the expedition against Banu Howazin. The instructions of the Holy Prophet were that the tribe should be called to Islam, and in the event of their refusal, force should be used against them, and they should be driven away from the Turbah valley. The Muslim expeditionary force consisted of thirty men. They had with them a guide of the Banu Hilal, who showed them the way, and led them to Turbah valley through unfrequented paths. _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... When the Muslim force reached the Turbah valley, they found that on hearing the approach of the Muslim force, the Banu Howazin had evacuated the valley and fled elsewhere wi

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 15)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 15)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... As the caravan travelled at an unusual time, there was considerable upsetting of the programme. The party halted for the night at some distance from Madina. At early dawn the call to move was given. Ayesha went to the desert to answer the call of nature, and on return occupied her litter. There she noticed that the necklace of Yemenite agates which she wore was no longer around her neck. Hurriedly she left the litter, and went to the desert where she found the necklace. When she returned to the camp the spot was deserted, and the caravan had left. The men in charge of her camel, seeing the litter closed, and thinking it occupied, had placed it on the camel and departed with it. ___

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 14)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 14)* ____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... If you find them to be true believers do not return them to the unbelievers. They are not lawful to the unbelievers, nor are the unbelievers lawful to them You shall, however, give to their former husbands what they have spent on them. And you will be doing nothing unlawful after you have given them dowries." *Quran 60: 10*. Another verse on the same subject provided: “Do not marry idolatresses until they embrace the faith. And do not marry your women to idolators”. Umar had three wives, namely: 🔹Zainab bint Mazaun Jamiah; _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... 🔹Malaika bint Jarul Khuzai; and 🔹Qariba bint Abi Umayya Makhzumi. Out of these three, only Zainab bint Mazaun ha

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 13)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 13)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... He submitted that if the Quraish had killed Usman, the Muslims should fight the Meccans to the bitter end. The Holy Prophet asked all his Companions about 1,400 in number to assemble and take a vow binding themselves to Jibad against the infidels. The Holy Prophet sat under a tree, and all the Companions took the oath turn by turn. God approved of this measure, and the following verse was revealed to the Holy Prophet: “Verily Allah was pleased with the faithful that they swore allegiance to thee under the tree." _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... In view of the pleasure of God, this oath later came to be called 'the Bait-ul-Rizwan'-the oath that pleased God. A l

THE MEANING OF QURAN, HADITH QUDSI, AND HADITH AN-NABAWI

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaumul Jumuat. 6th day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Friday, 26th May, 2023). *_THE MEANING OF QURAN, HADITH QUDSI, AND HADITH AN-NABAWI_*. Bismillah. The word "Quran," a verbal noun, is equivalent in meaning to "qira'ah," as both come from the verb "qara'a" which means "to read or to recite." Quran literally means "a speech revealed from ALLAH (Al-Haaliq,The CREATOR) for reading or reciting." This is one of the miracles of the Quran. Angle Jibreel(Gabriel) alaihi salaam was commanded by ALLAH (Al-Maalik, The boss of the Universe and on judgement day) to reveal and teach the Quran to the Prophet and in return he the prophet peace be upon him is to recite it as it is to mankind and explain its meanings and rulings to us. This is the security of the Quran. It was memorized as it was revealed until today Allahu Akbar.  The term "Quran" is mentioned in a number of places throughout the Quran in

TEST YOUR EEMAAN

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum Laraba. 3rd day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Wednesday day, 24th May, 2023). *_TEST YOUR EEMAAN_*. BismilLah.  Islam is a complete way of life, and as a Muslim, it's important to follow the teachings of ALLAH through the blessed Messenger of ALLAH sallallahu alaihi wasallam. If you claim to be Muslim, then always be ready to submit and act purely to please ALLAH. Today let's try to test our eemaan with this famous hadith.  On the authority of Abu Hamzah Anas bin Malik (may ALLAH be pleased with him), the servant of the Messenger of ALLAH (peace and blessings of ALLAH be upon him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: *_None of you [truly] believes until he loves for his brother that which he loves for himself. [Al-Bukhari 13] [Muslim 45]_*. This is a clear hadith that does not require any tafseer. *_May ALLAH aid us to act only for HIS sake so as to be able to increase our eemaan_*. Aameen.

FEAR OF PEOPLE INSTEAD OF ALLAH(Al-Ghaffar, The Ever Forgiving)

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum Ath-thalaatha. 3rd day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Tuesday, 23rd May, 2023). *FEAR OF PEOPLE INSTEAD OF ALLAH(Al-Ghaffar, The Ever Forgiving)_*. BismilLah. Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri (ALLAH be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Let not fear of the people prevent one of you from saying the truth if he knows it.”(Authenticated by Imam Ahmad 11459). Islam orders the Muslim to be honest to himself and others. This order repeatedly comes in the Noble Qur'an and the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam). Islam orders the Muslim to tell the truth even if it is against the teller's interest. Orders him not to cheat or deceive other people. A Muslim is ordered by ALLAH (As-Salaam, The Ultimate Source of Peace) to be honest in his words and deeds, privately and publicly alike.  Honesty in words implies telling the truth in all cases and under all conditions. Honesty also implies fulfilling the

DIFFICULTIES IN LIFE IS GOOD FOR BELIEVERS_*. LET'S FIND OUT WHY.

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum al-ithnayn. 2nd day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Monday, 22nd May, 2023). *_DIFFICULTIES IN LIFE IS GOOD FOR BELIEVERS_*. LET'S FIND OUT WHY. BismilLah.  In the Qur’an, ALLAH says that good, evil, and whatever happens in this world happens by HIS WILL. Only ALLAH knows fully HIS WILL. We, finite beings, can not grasp fully HIS infinite WILL and WISDOM. HE runs HIS universe the way HE deems fit. The Qur’an tells us that ALLAH is WISE, and everything that ALLAH does is RIGHT, JUST, GOOD, and FAIR. We must submit and surrender to HIS WILL. The Qur’an has not given us all the details about ALLAH'S ’s WILL, but it has enlightened us with the guidance that is useful and sufficient for us. There are several points that we should keep in our mind to understand this issue: First of all, ALLAH did not make this world a permanent place of residence. This is a temporary world, and everything here has a time limit. When its times comes it will die, come to

ANY ABUSE OR DIFFICULTIES YOU GO THROUGH MAYBE A TRIAL FROM ALLAH.

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. YaumulAhad. 1st day of Dhul-Qa'adah, 1444AH (Sunday, 21st May, 2023). *_ANY ABUSE OR DIFFICULTIES YOU GO THROUGH MAYBE A TRIAL FROM ALLAH_*. BismilLah.  ALLAH says; وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ أَنجَىٰكُم مِّنۡ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ يَسُومُونَكُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡ وَيَسۡتَحۡيُونَ نِسَآءَكُمۡۚ وَفِى ذَٰلِكُم بَلَآءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ عَظِيمٌ  And [recall, O Children of Israel], when Moses said to his people, "Remember the favor of ALLAH upon you when HE saved you from the people of Pharaoh, who were afflicting you with the worst torment and were slaughtering your [newborn] sons and keeping your females alive. And in that was a GREAT TRIAL from your Lord. ALLAH says in another Ayah, وَبَلَوْنَـهُمْ بِالْحَسَنَـتِ وَالسَّيِّيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ WE tried them with good and evil in order that they might turn (to ALLAH). (7:168). ALLAHU AKBAR. Also check Qur'an 2:49 fo

ISLAM BETWEEN BLASPHEMY AND EXTREMISM_*. BismilLahir Rahmanir Raheem

 THE DAILY ISLAMIC REMINDERS. Yaum As-Sabt. 30th day of Shaw'waal, 1444AH (Saturday, 20th May, 2023). *_ISLAM BETWEEN BLASPHEMY AND EXTREMISM_*. BismilLahir Rahmanir Raheem Let's conclude on this topic.  If you couldn't receive any of the two on this topic, please request a copy before reading this one.  Based on the narrations in the previous reminders on this topic, does this mean that blasphemy should be tolerated in every case? Free speech is not merely a human right, but rather, it is a responsibility. The purpose of free speech is to facilitate discussion in search of truth and justice. Consequently, the general rule is that people are free to speak their minds respectfully, but speech that serves no purpose other than to slander, defame, offend, or incite to violence is not worthy of protection. Indeed, the Muslims have been prohibited from cursing other religions and even idols. However, the best way to counter false speech is by speaking the truth. The problem of b

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 12)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 12)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... O God there is no welfare except that of the next world; Shower Thy Grace on the Ansars and the Muhajirs". The site for the trench was demarcated by the Holy Prophet. He allotted ten yards of trench to be dug by each party of ten persons. One of such parties was led by Umar. Later a mosque known as Umar Masjid was constructed near the site where Umar and his party had dug the trench. When the Quraish and their allies arrived they found that a wide and deep trench which could not be crossed lay between them and the Muslims. _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... This was a mode of warfare with which the Quraish were not familiar. They camped beyond the trench and decided to

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 11)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 11)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... In A.D. 625 Hafsa was married to the Holy Prophet that elevated the status of Umar and brought him at par with Abu Bakr, as both of them enjoyed the unique privilege of being the fathers-in-law of the Holy Prophet. In Madina there was a coosiderable number of Jews. They were wealthy and commanded influence. The Holy Prophet followed the policy of "live and let live". He accordingly entered into a treaty with the Jews. According to the terms of the treaty the Jews were to enjoy religious freedom and there was to be no interference in the religious affairs of the Jews by the Muslims. _____________*PAGE 2*______________ ✍🏻... The Muslims and the Jews were to be on friendly

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 10)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 10)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... Abu Sufiyan in a mood of exultation cried, "Hubbal glory to thee." Umar retorted, "Only Allah is Most High and Great. " Abu Sufiyan said, "We have Uzza with us, and you have no lord." Umar retaliated, "Allah is our Lord, and you have no lord." When the two armies withdrew from the battle-field, seventy Muslims lay dead on the battle-field. In the battle the Quraish had the upper hand. They felt satisfied that they had avenged their defeat at Badr. The Quraish were in no mood to press their advantage to march to Madina. They chose to return to Mecca. _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... Wahab bin Qabus was a shepherd who lived in a villag

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 9)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 9)* ____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... The Holy Prophet anxiously enquired as to what was the difference. Umar said: “According to the formula of Ahdullah bin Zaid we are only to witness that there is no god but Allah. In the call that I heard in my dream there were also the words 'I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." Thereupon the Holy Prophet instructed Bilal that in the call to prayer, the expression "I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God" should be included. Turning to Abdullah bin Zaid, and Umar the Holy Prophet said, _____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... "Praise be to God. There are men among my followers to whom truth is revealed in dreams." When the

THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 8)

 Muslims Till Death: ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UMAR BUN AL-KHATTAB (r.t.a) (Episode 8)* _____________*PAGE 1*_____________ ✍🏻... After the battle of Badr while one day Abu Sufiyan and Umayr sat in the Ka'bah at Mecca and exchanged views about the battle of Badr, Abu Sufiyan referring to the Quraish discomfiture said, "By God, there is no good in life now that they are dead." Umayr said. "You are right. Were it not for a debt outstanding against me which I cannot discharge, and a family I cannot afford to leave unprovided for, I would ride to Madina and kill the Prophet." Abu Sufiyan said, "If you have such noble thoughts I undertake to discharge your debt. ____________*PAGE 2*_____________ ✍🏻... I also undertake to take care of your family, and all that I have shall be theirs.&qu