THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UTHMAN (r.t.a) (Episode 48)

 ASSALAAMU ALAYKUM WARAHMATULLAH WABARAKAATUHU . LET'S START TONIGHT'S EDUCATION. OUR TOPIC IS 👇.                                                                            *THE STORY OF CALIPHATE UTHMAN (r.t.a) (Episode 48)*

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Years later when Hajjaj became the Governor of Kufa, he tried Ummair and Kammil for the murder of Uthman and had them executed.

Ammar b Yasir is one of the companions of the Holy Prophet who is regarded as a critic of Uthman. Whatever accounts have come down to us are too biased and prejudiced to be reliable. 'Ammar s father Yasir belonged to Yemen. He migrated to Makka, and became attached to the Bani Makhzum section of the Quraish. Ammar's mother Samia served as a maid. 'Ammar accepted Islam at an early age. At his instance his father and mother also accepted Islam.

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As the family was poor, and had few social contacts in Makkah they were persecuted by the Quraish for their acceptance of Islam. 'Ammar was made to lie on burning sand, and was required to recant from Islam on pain of death 'Ammar, however, remained firm in his faith It is reported that the Holy Prophet accompanied by Uthman often visited 'Ammar when he was being persecuted by the Quraish and advised him to be patient. 'Ammar migrated to Abyssinia, and there are grounds to believe that in Abyssinia, Uthman materially helped 'Amman Later like other Muslims, 'Ammar migrated to Madina.

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In the building of the Prophet's mosque at Madina, 'Ammar carried double the number of bricks as compared with other Muslims. This was much appreciated by the Holy Prophet. 'Ammar took part in all the battles fought during the time of the Holy Prophet.

'Ammar b Yasir belonged to the camp of Ali, and when Uthman was chosen as the Caliph, 'Ammar offered him his allegiance like other Muslims, but he was~ lot happy with the caliphate of Uthman. In course of time 'Ammar's opposition to Uthman increased. Accroding to an account which is recorded in Taha Hussain's book on Uthman, Uthman appropriated some of the jewelry in the Baitul Mall 'Ammar criticized Uthman for such conduct.

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It is reported that addressing the congregation Uthman said, " As the Caliph, I have the right to appropriate anything from the Baitul Mall I will continue to do so; let any body who object may." It is alleged that "hereupon 'Ammar stood up and criticized Uthman for such conduct. Uthman is reported to have lost temper end said, "You son of a maid servant; how dare you criticize me like that." It is alleged that at the instance of Uthman, 'Ammar was given a good beating, and carried home from the mosque in an unconscious state. It is further alleged that in view of the growing discontent against Uthman some companions in Makkah addressed a letter to Uthman criticizing his conduct, and requiring him to make amends. It is stated that this letter was brought to Uthman by 'Ammar and that on reading this letter Uthman lost temper, and kicked 'Amman

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There is also the story that Uthman sent some persons as his representatives to the various provinces to inquire into the various allegations levelled against the administration. It is said that Ammar was sent to Egypt. While the representatives sent to other provinces submitted their reports to Uthman, 'Ammar did not submit any report, and chose to join the rebels in Egypt. It is further alleged that Ummar returned to Madina later, and played an active part in poisoning the atmosphere against Uthman.

All the above accounts which have come down to us, and are recorded in Taha Hussain s book Uthman appear to be self-contradictory and therefore devoid of truth.

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It is unbelievable that a responsible person like Uthman could publicly say that right or wrong he would appropriate the Baitul Mal to his private use. It is also inconceivable that a man of such mild disposition as Uthman should have publicly kicked an eminent companion, who had been Governor of a province.

Again if all this account of quarrels between Uthman is correct, it is inconceivable that Uthman should have deputed 'Ammar b Yasir to Egypt to report about the affairs of the province when 'Ammar was against him. It appears that all stories of Uthman's differences with 'Ammar b Yasir have no foundation in fact.

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Differences between Uthman end 'Ammar b Yasir cropped up only when Uthman deputed 'Ammar b Yasir to Egypt, and there he came under the influence of Muhammad b Hudhaifa and Muhammad bin Abu Bakr. All the facts that have come down to us about the differences between Uthman and 'Ammar b Yasir are so confusing and self-contradictory that much reliance cannot be placed on them.

During the caliphate of Umar, the Muslim dominions had expanded considerably both in the east and the west. Umar was a strong man, but Uthman who succeeded him was known for his kindheartedness.

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The foreign powers felt that with Uthman as the Caliph, it would be possible for them to wrest the territories from the Muslims which they had conquered during the caliphate of Umar. In pursuance of this program to overthrow the Muslim rule, Persia rose in revolt in the east, and the Byzantines attacked Egypt in the west to drive away the Muslims.

Developments, however, took place contrary to the expectations of the foreign powers. The Sassanian emperor Yazdjurd made another bid to recover Persia.

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Revolts broke out in all the provinces of Persia; national feelings against the Muslims rose high among the Persians; and Yazdjurd made strenuous efforts to rally the Persians in another bid to drive away the Muslims from the Persian soil. In spite of being a kind hearted and soft spoken man, Uthman proved to be a' great General. He organized military campaigns with great skill. Within a few years the whole of Persia was reconquerd; Yazdjurd was killed and the Sassanian dynasty was extinguished. The Muslims under Uthman crossed the Oxus for the first time. The frontiers of the Muslim empire came to touch the frontiers of China in the north and India in the east.

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In the west, in the momentum of the first attack, the Byzantines were able to conquer Alexandria. In the counter attack, the Muslims drove the Byzantines from Alexandria, and the Byzantine plan to reconquer Egypt came to nought. Then the Muslims took the offensive. They conquered the whole of North Africa. Then they crossed the sea, and obtained a foot-hold in Spain. Heretofore the Byzantines were the masters of the Mediterranean Sea. Under Uthman the Muslims grew into a naval power. The Muslims conquered the island of Cypress. They beat the Byzantines at the naval battle known as the '`Battle of the Masts."

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End of Today's Education. Subhanakallahuma wabihamdik ash-hadu an laaila Anta astagfiruka wa atuuubu ilayhi. Questions, Suggestions and problems are welcome privately. *We shall continue tomorrow on this same topic in sha Allah*. May HE strengthen and make us steadfast in faith. May HE accept our ibaadat and grant us the Good in this World and the Hereafter. May Allah Azza wa jalla forgive and grant us Jannah...AMIN