*1) Against Allah*
By committing shirk (associating partners with Allah). Considering Allah created us and sustains us, this is the worst type of Zulm! Allah says, “Luqman said to his son while he was instructing him, 'O my son, do not associate partners with Allah. Indeed, shirk is great Zulm'” (Qur'an, 31:13).
*2) Against oneself*
a) By disobeying the commands of Allah. Commands are of two types: Doing good and abstaining from evil. Many make an effort to do good, but true piety is to exert equal effort in abstaining from evil.
b) By not fulfilling the rights of the body. For example, eating/sleeping too little or too much, overworking the body, and overexerting oneself in worship.
*3) Against others*
By treating others unfairly or not fulfilling their rights. This includes being abusive, ill-mannered towards our loved ones, paying our staff less than they deserve, humiliating others, misguiding others, and oppressing the weak or poor. The Prophet ﷺ said, “Allah said: 'O my servants, I have forbidden oppression for myself and I have forbidden it among you, so do not oppress one another'” (Sahih Muslim).
*4) Against animals*
This means to hurt, abuse or starve animals. Even though animals will not be resurrected on the Day of Judgment, we will. Be merciful to them. The Prophet ﷺ said, “Fear Allah in your treatment of animals” (Abu Dawood).
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