INTRODUCTION TO SŪRAT AL-ANFĀL OR THE SPOILS OF WAR (CHAPTER 8)

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*INTRODUCTION TO SŪRAT AL-ANFĀL OR THE SPOILS OF WAR (CHAPTER 8)*

In the previous Introduction to the Sūras we have shown how each Sūra is a step or gradation in the teaching of the Glorious Qur-ān. The first seven Sūras, comprising a little less than one-third of the Glorious Qur-ān, form a gradation, sketching the early religious history of man and leading up to the formation of the new Ummat or community of the Holy Messenger. Now we begin another gradation, consolidation that Ummat and directing us as to various phrases in our new collective life.

In this chapter we have the lesson of the Battle of Badr enforced in their larger aspects:

1. The question of war booty;

2. The true virtues necessary for fighting the good fight;

3. Victory against odds;

4. Clemency and consideration for one's own and for others in the hour of victory.

As regards booty taken in battle, the first point to note is that that should never be our sole aim in war. It is only an accidental circumstances, a sort of windfall. Secondly, no soldier or troop has any prior right to it. A righteous war is a community affair, and any accessions resulting from it belong to Almighty ALLĀH. Thirdly, certain equitable principles of division should be laid down to check human greed and selfishness. A fifth share goes to the Imām: and he can use it at his discretion; for his own expenses, and for the relief of the poor and suffering, and the orphans and widows (Sūra Al-Anfāl). The remainder was divided, according to the Prophet's practice, not only among those who were actually in the fight physically, but all who were in the enterprise, young and old, provided they loyally did some duty assigned to them. Fourthly, there should be no disputes, as they interfere with internal discipline and harmony.

As regards the military virtues, which are the types of virtues throughout life, we are shown by an analysis of the incidents of Badr how against the greatest odds, ALLĀH's help will give the victory if men are fighting not for themselves but for the sacred Cause of Almighty ALLĀH (Sub-haanahu wata'aala). And directions are given for the treatment of prisoners and for maintaining the solidarity of the Muslim community.

The date of this Sūra is shortly after the battle of Badr, which was fought on Friday, the 17th of Ramadān in the second year of the Hijra. 

*SUMMARY OF SŪRAT AL-ANFĀL OR THE SPOILS OF WAR (CHAPTER 8)*

All booty is really at the disposal of ALLĀH's Messenger under directions from Almighty ALLĀH (Sub-haanahu wata'aala). Men of faith accept and obey these directions with cheerfulness. Victory and the prize of victory come from Almighty ALLĀH, as was proved at Badr (Sūrat An-Anfāl, verses 1-19).

Obedience and intelligent discipline, zeal, faith, and gratitude to Almighty ALLĀH, are the true passport to success and protection from the assaults of evil. Evil will be piled up with evil and destroyed (Sūrat An-Anfāl, verses 20-37).

The battle of Badr was a testing time, and showed how virtue and valour can conquer against odds. Steadfastness and obedience; faith, courage, and fearlessness: due preparation and free expenditure of resources and energy: these are expected from you by Almighty ALLĀH, and His help is all-sufficient (Sūrat An-Anfāl, verses 38-64).

Even tenfold odds against you do not count if you are fighting for truth and faith against enemies of truth and faith; but remember clemency and consideration in the hour of victory (Sūrat An-Anfāl, verses 65-75).