DISCUSSION OF THE INDIVIDUAL LETTERS AT THE BEGINNING OF SŪRAH

*DISCUSSION OF THE INDIVIDUAL LETTERS AT THE BEGINNING OF SŪRAH*

ALLĀH, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful says;

> *الم (Alif Lam Mim)*

The individual letters in the beginning of some Surahs are among those things whose knowledge ALLĀH has kept only for Himself. This was reported from Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and Ibn Mas'ud.

It was said that these letters are the names of some of the Surahs.

It was also said that they are the beginnings that ALLĀH chose to start the Surahs of the Qur'an with.

Khasif stated that Mujahid said, "The beginnings of the Surahs, such as Qāf, Sād, Ṭā Sīn Mīm and Alif Lām Rā, are just some letters of the alphabet."

Some linguists also stated that; they are letters of the alphabet and that ALLĀH simply did not cite the entire alphabet of twenty-eight letters.

For instance, they said, one might say, "My son recites Alif, Ba, Ta, Tha..." he means the entire alphabet although he stops before mentioning the rest of it.

This opinion was mentioned by Ibn Jarir.

If one removes the repetitive letters, then the number of letters mentioned at the beginning of the Surahs is fourteen:

*Alif (ا), Lām (ل), Mīm (م), Sād (ص), Rā (ر), Kāf (ك), Ḥā (ح), Yā (ي), Ayn (ع), Țā (ط), Sīn (س), Hā (ه), Qāf (ق), Nūn (ن).*

So glorious is HE Who made everything subtly reflect HIS wisdom.

Moreover, the scholars said, "There is no doubt that ALLĀH did not reveal these letters for jest and play."

Some ignorant people said that; some of the Qur'an does not mean anything, (meaning, such as these letters) thus committing a major mistake.

On the contrary, these letters carry a specific meaning. Further, if we find an authentic narration leading to the Prophet that explains these letters, we will embrace the Prophet's statement. Otherwise, we will stop where we were made to stop and will proclaim,

> *آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا*

> *We believe in it; all of it (clear and unclear verses) is from our Lord,* (3:7).

The scholars did not agree on one opinion or explanation regarding this subject. Therefore, whoever thinks that one scholar's opinion is correct, he is obliged to follow it, otherwise it is better to refrain from making any judgment on this matter. ALLĀH knows best.

*{Tafsi‌r Ibn Kathīr}*

With regard to the letters that appear at the beginning of some sūrahs (Alif, Lām, Mīm, Sād, Rā, Kāf, Ḥā, Yā, Ayn, Țā, Sīn, Hā, Qāf, Nūn.), the most prudent approach is to refrain from discussing their meaning, without basing that on any shar'i (of or pertaining to Sharia; Islamic) text, whilst being certain that ALLĀH did not reveal them in vain; rather there is wisdom behind that, of which we are not aware.

*{Tafsi‌r As-Sa'di}*

#Ibnkathir #sadi #baqarah (2:1)