*AR-RAHĪQ AL-MAKHTOUM (The Pure Nectar). A Treaties On Prophet Muhammad's Biography.*
*Part 6*
*RULE IN AL-HĪRAH*
Persians ruled Iraq and the adjacent areas since Kourosh the Great united them (529-557 B.C.). They received no resistance or opposition till Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated their king and undermined their power. Their country divided into many parts to be ruled by kings known as the kings of At-Tawāef. Their rule for these partitioned territories continued till 230 A.D. In the time of these kings Qartanis immigrated and occupied a rural part of Iraq. Adnanis also immigrated and vied with them in setting in this place till they inhabited a part of the Euphrates Island.
Mālik Ibn Fahm At-Tanouky, one of the Qartanis, was the first one of the immigrants to assume power. His residence was in Al-Anbār (present-day Iraq). It is said that his brother 'Amr Ibn Fahm At-Tanouky or Gazīma Ibn Fahm At-Tanouky (who was titled 'Al-Abrash or Al-Waddāh, the speckled or the brilliant one) succeeded him as a ruler.
In the reign of Ardeshir Babak, who founded the Sassanid State in 226 A.D. power returned to Persians. He united Persians and conquered Arabs who inhabited the areas located at the borders of his kingdom. This caused the tribe of Qudhā'a to emigrate to Ash-Shām. As regards the people of Al-Hīra and Al-Anbār, they yielded to his rule. Also, in the time of Ardeshir Gazīma Al-Waddāh ruled Al-Hīra and all those who inhabited the wilderness (desert) of Iraq and Arabian peninsula like Rabī'ah and Mudharr. Ardeshīr saw that it was difficult for him to rule Arabs directly and prevent them from attacking the boundaries of his kingdom. Therefore, he installed a ruler of them to support and show allegiance to him. In doing so he was able to use Arabs in fighting Romans who posed a great threat to his dominion and make the Arabs of Iraq confront those of Ash-Shām face to face.
The king of Al-Hīrah used to keep a battalion of Persian troops to repel those who might revolt against him. Gazīma died in 268 A.D. and after his demise. 'Amr Ibn 'Adeyy Ibn Nasr Al-Lakhmy ruled Al-Hīra and Al-Anbār (268-288 A.D.). He was the first of the Lackmis to assume power and take Al-Hīra as his headquarters. He was in the time of Kisra Sabour Ibn Ardeshir. Lackmi kings continued to rule Al-Hīra till Qubaz Ibn Fayrouz had control over Persians (448-531 A.H.). In his reign Mazdak became well-known and called for libertinism. Qubāz and a lot of his subjects followed Mazdak. Then he (Qubāz) sent a letter to the then king of Al-Hīrah, Al-Mudhir Ibn Māes-Samāa, calling him upon to adopt this corrupt doctrine. But Al-Mudhir refused to do so out of his zealotry and ardour. Thus Qubaz deposed him and appointed al-Hārith Ibn'Amr Ibn Hajar Al-Kanady as a ruler in place of Al-Mundhir.
Khosrau Anushirvan succeeded Qubaz as a ruler over Persia (531-578). He abhorred the doctrine of Mazdak and killed him along with many of his followers. Then he returned Al-Mundhir to the rule of Al-Hīrah and ordered the apprehension of al-Hārith Ibn 'Amr. But he was granted asylum by Banu Kalb and lived with them till his demise.
The descendants of Al-Mudhir Ibn Māes-Samāa continued to rule Al-Hīra till An-N'umān Ibnul-Mundhir came to power (583-605 A. D.). Because of a scandal by Zaid Ibn 'Adeyy Al-'Abādy, Kisra got furious with An-N'umān. So he sent his troops to arrest him. An-N'umān went out secretly and visited Hāna Ibn Mas'ūd, the master of Shaybān, and made his family and property under his charge. Then he went to Kisra and was put in prison to death. Then Kisra installed Ilyās Ibn Qabīsa At-Tāey as a ruler over Al-Hīra instead of An-N'umān and ordered him to send to Hāna Ibn Mas'ūd to hand over what he kept. But Hāna declined with great enthusiasm. This drove Kisra to declare war against his tribe. Very rapidly Kisra, consequently, dispatched his cavalrymen, satraps and troops. A fierce battle was fought by the tribe of Shaibān and Persian soldiers at Dhu Qārr. It ended with the triumph of Banu Shaibān over the Persians. This was the first victory Arabs achieved against non-Arabs (this was narrated by Khalīfa Ibn Khayyāt in his Musnad (page 24) and Ibn Sa'ad ([vol. 7-/77] in a traceable Hadīth from the prophet). It occurred after the birth of the prophet (Blessings and Peace be upon him).
Concerning the time of this battle, historians differ over it: 1- it took place a few days after the Prophet's birth and the prophet (Blessings and Peace be upon him) was born in the eighth month of the reign of Ilyās Ibn Qabīsa; it was shortly before Prophethood; it was shortly after prophethood; it was after Hijra, it happened after the battle of Badr.
Afterwards,Khosrau installed a Persian ruler called Mahbiyān Ibn Mahrabandad over Al-Hīrah as a successor to Iyās. His reign lasted for seventeen years (614-631 A.D.). Then power shifted to the tribe of Lakham in 632 A.D. Al-Mudhir Ibn An-N'umān was the ruler and spent only eight months in office. Then Khalid Ibnul-Walīd came with Muslim fighters to make it under their control.
*...To be continued In-sha-Allah!*
*"And keep reminding, because reminding benefits the believers."* (Qur'an 51:55)
*Part 6*
*RULE IN AL-HĪRAH*
Persians ruled Iraq and the adjacent areas since Kourosh the Great united them (529-557 B.C.). They received no resistance or opposition till Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated their king and undermined their power. Their country divided into many parts to be ruled by kings known as the kings of At-Tawāef. Their rule for these partitioned territories continued till 230 A.D. In the time of these kings Qartanis immigrated and occupied a rural part of Iraq. Adnanis also immigrated and vied with them in setting in this place till they inhabited a part of the Euphrates Island.
Mālik Ibn Fahm At-Tanouky, one of the Qartanis, was the first one of the immigrants to assume power. His residence was in Al-Anbār (present-day Iraq). It is said that his brother 'Amr Ibn Fahm At-Tanouky or Gazīma Ibn Fahm At-Tanouky (who was titled 'Al-Abrash or Al-Waddāh, the speckled or the brilliant one) succeeded him as a ruler.
In the reign of Ardeshir Babak, who founded the Sassanid State in 226 A.D. power returned to Persians. He united Persians and conquered Arabs who inhabited the areas located at the borders of his kingdom. This caused the tribe of Qudhā'a to emigrate to Ash-Shām. As regards the people of Al-Hīra and Al-Anbār, they yielded to his rule. Also, in the time of Ardeshir Gazīma Al-Waddāh ruled Al-Hīra and all those who inhabited the wilderness (desert) of Iraq and Arabian peninsula like Rabī'ah and Mudharr. Ardeshīr saw that it was difficult for him to rule Arabs directly and prevent them from attacking the boundaries of his kingdom. Therefore, he installed a ruler of them to support and show allegiance to him. In doing so he was able to use Arabs in fighting Romans who posed a great threat to his dominion and make the Arabs of Iraq confront those of Ash-Shām face to face.
The king of Al-Hīrah used to keep a battalion of Persian troops to repel those who might revolt against him. Gazīma died in 268 A.D. and after his demise. 'Amr Ibn 'Adeyy Ibn Nasr Al-Lakhmy ruled Al-Hīra and Al-Anbār (268-288 A.D.). He was the first of the Lackmis to assume power and take Al-Hīra as his headquarters. He was in the time of Kisra Sabour Ibn Ardeshir. Lackmi kings continued to rule Al-Hīra till Qubaz Ibn Fayrouz had control over Persians (448-531 A.H.). In his reign Mazdak became well-known and called for libertinism. Qubāz and a lot of his subjects followed Mazdak. Then he (Qubāz) sent a letter to the then king of Al-Hīrah, Al-Mudhir Ibn Māes-Samāa, calling him upon to adopt this corrupt doctrine. But Al-Mudhir refused to do so out of his zealotry and ardour. Thus Qubaz deposed him and appointed al-Hārith Ibn'Amr Ibn Hajar Al-Kanady as a ruler in place of Al-Mundhir.
Khosrau Anushirvan succeeded Qubaz as a ruler over Persia (531-578). He abhorred the doctrine of Mazdak and killed him along with many of his followers. Then he returned Al-Mundhir to the rule of Al-Hīrah and ordered the apprehension of al-Hārith Ibn 'Amr. But he was granted asylum by Banu Kalb and lived with them till his demise.
The descendants of Al-Mudhir Ibn Māes-Samāa continued to rule Al-Hīra till An-N'umān Ibnul-Mundhir came to power (583-605 A. D.). Because of a scandal by Zaid Ibn 'Adeyy Al-'Abādy, Kisra got furious with An-N'umān. So he sent his troops to arrest him. An-N'umān went out secretly and visited Hāna Ibn Mas'ūd, the master of Shaybān, and made his family and property under his charge. Then he went to Kisra and was put in prison to death. Then Kisra installed Ilyās Ibn Qabīsa At-Tāey as a ruler over Al-Hīra instead of An-N'umān and ordered him to send to Hāna Ibn Mas'ūd to hand over what he kept. But Hāna declined with great enthusiasm. This drove Kisra to declare war against his tribe. Very rapidly Kisra, consequently, dispatched his cavalrymen, satraps and troops. A fierce battle was fought by the tribe of Shaibān and Persian soldiers at Dhu Qārr. It ended with the triumph of Banu Shaibān over the Persians. This was the first victory Arabs achieved against non-Arabs (this was narrated by Khalīfa Ibn Khayyāt in his Musnad (page 24) and Ibn Sa'ad ([vol. 7-/77] in a traceable Hadīth from the prophet). It occurred after the birth of the prophet (Blessings and Peace be upon him).
Concerning the time of this battle, historians differ over it: 1- it took place a few days after the Prophet's birth and the prophet (Blessings and Peace be upon him) was born in the eighth month of the reign of Ilyās Ibn Qabīsa; it was shortly before Prophethood; it was shortly after prophethood; it was after Hijra, it happened after the battle of Badr.
Afterwards,Khosrau installed a Persian ruler called Mahbiyān Ibn Mahrabandad over Al-Hīrah as a successor to Iyās. His reign lasted for seventeen years (614-631 A.D.). Then power shifted to the tribe of Lakham in 632 A.D. Al-Mudhir Ibn An-N'umān was the ruler and spent only eight months in office. Then Khalid Ibnul-Walīd came with Muslim fighters to make it under their control.
*...To be continued In-sha-Allah!*
*"And keep reminding, because reminding benefits the believers."* (Qur'an 51:55)
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